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ELECTRICALLY 

OPERATED 

IRRIGATION  PLANTS 

FOR  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA 


^www.archive.org/details/electricallyoperOOgenerich 


;Mr   bbe0fcw!  *"  °n  th°  &«  **•  «m« 


Electrically  Operated 
Irrigation  Plants 

FOR    THE    STATE    OF    CALIFORNIA 


A  HANDBOOK  OF  USEFUL 
INSTALLATION  DATA 


GENERAL  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 

SCHENECTADY,  N.  Y. 

NOVEMBER,   1919 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

Y-1319 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Page 

General  Description  of  220-  or  440-volt,  Three-phase  Installation  7 

General  Description  of  2200-volt,  Three-phase  Installation 12 

Lighting 25 

Motor  Starting  Devices 26 

Starting  Compensators 26 

Type  FP-10  Oil  Circuit  Breakers 28 

Type  FK-20  Oil  Circuit  Breakers 33 

Wiring  Data 35 

Table  I— Type  RI  Induction  Motors,  Single-phase,  220  Volts  35 

Table  II — Type  KT  Induction  Motors,  Three-phase,  220  Volts  35 

Table  III — Type  KT  Induction  Motors,  Three-phase,  440  Volts  36 

Table  IV— TypeKTInductionMotors,Three-phase,2200  Volts  36 

Table  V— Ground  Wire  Sizes 36 

Table  VI — Table  of  Allowable  Carrying  Capacities  of  Wires  37 
Table  VII — Size  of  Conduits  for  the  Installation  of  Wires  and 

Cables 38 

Table  VIII — Conduit  Table  Giving  Sizes  of  Conduit  which 

will  be  Required  for  Various  Combinations  of  Wires ....  39 

General  Information  on  Centrifugal  Pumps 40 

Hydraulic  Data 42 

Table    IX — Approximate     Capacities     and     Efficiencies     of 

Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Various  Heads 44 

Table  X— Conversion  Table 44 

Table  XI — Recommended  Sizes  of  Pipe  for  Various  Lengths 

of  Discharge  Line 45 

Table  XII — How  to  Determine  Total  Head  of  a  Pumping 

Plant  in  Operation 45 

Friction  of  Water  in  Pipes 46 

Formula  for  Calculation  of  Approximate  Quantity  of  Water 

Flowing  in  Open  Ditch  or  Flume 46 

Table  XIII — Friction  Head  of  Water  for  Various  Pipe  Sizes  47 

Table  XIV — Data  on  Leather  Belt  Transmission '. 48 

Belt  Centers,  Widths,  Speeds 49 

Width  of  Belt  in  Relation  to  Width  of  Pulley  Face 49 

Pump  and  Motor  Specification  Sheets 50 

Pump  and  Piping,  Pit,  Motor 50 

Wiring— 220-  or  440-volt,  Single-  or  Three-phase  Plant 51 

Wiring— 2200-volt,  Three-phase  Plant 51 

Priming  Equipment 52 

Motor 52 

Priming  Motor  Transformers 52 

Type  H 52 

Lighting 52 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


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PREFACE 

The  essential  considerations  in  a  pumping 
plant  installation  are  reliability,  safety  and 
economy. 

The  object  of  this  booklet  is  to  supply 
information  as  a  guide  to  the  selection  and 
installation  of  equipment  for  electrically  oper- 
ated irrigation  plants,  in  the  State  of  Califor- 
nia, which  meet  these  requirements. 

In  presenting  this  information,  it  is  our 
aim  to  outline  definite  standards  which,  if 
followed,  will  result  in  a  successful  installa- 
tion. The  General  Electric  Company  offers  a 
complete  line  of  electrical  equipment  which 
will  accomplish  these  results.  Should  you 
require  information  beyond  the  scope  of  this 
booklet  our  engineers  will  gladly  assist  you. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  220-  OR  440-VOLT, 
THREE-PHASE  INSTALLATION 

Irrigation  pumping  plants,  as  generally  installed,  consist  of  an  elec- 
tric motor  connected  to  a  centrifugal  pump  set  in  a  pit  near  the  water 
level. 


Fig.  1.     Pumping  Plant  Installation  Arranged  for 
220-  or  440-volt,  Three-phase  Motor 

Centrifugal  pumps  are  built  in  two  styles,  horizontal  and  vertical, 
and  are  usually  arranged  for  either  direct  or  belt  connection  depending 
upon  the  conditions  to  be  met. 

Fig.  1  shows  the  complete  electrical  installation  for  a  plant  employ- 
ing three-phase  alternating  current  at  either  220  volts  or  440  volts. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

7 


Transformers  provided  with  cutouts  are  mounted  on  a  pole  near 
the  pump  house  for  reducing  the  voltage  to  that  required  by  the  motor. 
Wires  extend  from  the  pole  and  terminate  on  insulators  outside  of  the 
building. 

For  the  protection  of  the  wires  a  conduit   (Fig.  2)    (#fc)  Green- 


Fig.  2.     Greenfielduct  Conduit 

fielduct  provided  with  a  weatherproof  entrance  fitting,  should  be 
installed  from  the  point  of  connection  to  the  power  company's  lines 
to  the  main  entrance  switch;  all  three  wires  being  run  in  the  same  con- 


Safety  First  Switch 


duit.  About  three  feet  of  wire  should  be  allowed  for  the  connection  to 
the  power  company's  wires.  All  wire  should  be  (^|)  Red  Core  rubber 
covered. 

The  main  entrance  switch  (Fig.  3)  should  be  of  the  ^  externally 
operated  fused  type  enclosed  in  an  iron  box  to  prevent  accidental 
contact  with  any  of  the  live  parts.    It  should  be  located  not  more  than 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


seven  feet  above  the  floor  and  arranged  to  cut  off  all  the  current  used 
in  the  pump  house.  ($4)  cartridge  fuses  (Fig.  4)  of  the  size  shown  in 
the  tables,  should  be  provided  with  the  switch.  From  this  point  the 
wires,  provided  with  proper  fittings  and  enclosed  in  conduit,  vffc} 
Greenfielduct,  should  extend  to  the  location  of  the  power  company's 
meter. 


Fig.  4.     ($4)  Cartridge  Fuse 

Depending  upon  the  requirements  of  the  power  company  supply- 
ing service,  there  should  be  provided  either  a  meter  board  built  of 
one-inch  surfaced  lumber  properly  painted,  or  a  metal  cabinet  complete 
with  door.    These  should  be  of  ample  dimensions  to  accommodate  the 


Fig.  5.     FP-10  Oil  Circuit  Breaker 

metering  apparatus  provided  by  the  power  company.  Not  less  than 
36  inches  of  wire  should  be  allowed  to  make  the  connections.  From 
the  meter  location  the  conduit,  $&)  Greenfielduct,  should  extend  to 
the  location  of  the  motor  starting  device. 

For  motors  5  h.p.  and  smaller  this  will  consist  of  a  ^&  Type  FP-10 
oil  circuit  breaker  (Fig.  5)  equipped  with  under-voltage  and  overload 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

9 


Fig.  6.     Type  CR  1034-Form  Al 
Compensator 


Fig.  7.     Standard  Skeleton-frame  Induction  Motor 
For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

10 


protective  features.  For  the  installation  of  this  device  there  should  be 
provided  a  piece  of  1-in.  by  12-in.  surfaced  lumber  fastened  to  the 
pump  house  wall  and  to  which  the  circuit  breaker  is  bolted. 

For  motors  73^2  h.p.   and  larger  the  motor  starting  device  will 
consist    of    a  $£}    Type    CR    1034-Form    Al     (Fig.    6)    compensator 


Fig.  8.     Polyphase  Vertical  Induction  Motor 

equipped  with  under-voltage  release  and  overload  relays.  This  should 
be  bolted  to  2-in.  by  4-in.  surfaced  timbers  which  are  fastened  to  the 
pump  house  wall. 


Fig.  9.     Greenfield  Flexible  Steel  Conduit 


From  the  motor  starting  device  the  conduit,  VMj)  Greenfielduct, 
should  extend  in  a  continuous  length  to  the  location  of  the  motor 
(Fig.  7  and  8)  and  be  fastened  to  the  conduit  terminal  (Fig.  7). 

If  the  motor  is  direct  connected  to  the  pump,  the  rigid  conduit 
can  be  connected  directly  to  the  fitting.  If  the  motor  is  belted,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  provide  not  less  than    18  inches  of  $4)  Greenfield 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

11 


flexible  steel  conduit  (Fig.  9)  to  make  the  connection  to  the  conduit 
terminal.  ^r>^ 

All  joints  in  conductors  should  be  soldered  and  insulated  with  (g|) 
Splicing  Gum  and  ($|)  Acme  Tape  and  then  painted  with  insulating  paint. 

A  wire  fastened  to  the  conduit  by  means  of  a  ground  clamp  should 
be  connected  to  the  suction  pipe  of  the  pump.  If  the  conduit  is  not 
run  continuously,  the  separate  sections  should  be  bonded  together  in 
a  similar  manner. 


Fig.  10.     R-l  Single-phase  Motor  with  Sliding  Base 

Where  single-phase  motors  (Fig.  10)  are  installed,  the  above 
information  applies,  except  that  two  instead  of  three  wires  are  run  to 
the  motor  and  a  special  outlet  box  must  be  provided  to  cover  the 
motor  terminals  where  connection  is  made  to  the  conduit.  The  proper 
sizes  of  switches,  wire,  fuses  and  conduit  for  the  various  horse  power 
motors  are  shown  on  page  35. 

NOTE. — Where  motors  larger  than  100  h.p.  are  operated  from  440 
volts,  it  is  recommended  that  a  (g|)  K-5,  600-volt,  triple-pole,  single- 
throw  oil  circuit  breaker  (Fig.  11)  equipped  with  under- voltage  release 
and  overload  relays  mounted  in  a  manner  similar  to  that  shown  in 
Fig.  12  for  2200-volt  plants,  be  employed  instead  of  the  usual  externally 
operated  enclosed  knife  switch. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  2200-VOLT, 
THREE-PHASE  INSTALLATION 

In  the  larger  installations  where  the  lower  voltages  would  involve 
excessive  wire  sizes,  it  becomes  desirable  to  operate  the  motor  at  a 
higher  voltage.    This  voltage  is  usually  2200  for  the  motor  driving  the 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

12 


main  pumping  unit.  The  priming  pump  motor  and  the  lighting  are 
supplied  through  transformers  mounted  in  the  pump  house  and 
arranged  to  change  the  voltage  from  2200  volts  to  110  or  220  volts. 
When  2200  volts  are  employed  it  is  necessary,  in  order  to  safeguard 
employees  and  equipment,  to  install  wiring  of  a  higher  standard  than 


Fig.  11.     FK-5  Oil  Circuit  Breaker 


that  used  in  plants  of  the  220-  or  440- volt  class.  Fig.  12,  13  and  14  show 
the  complete  electrical  installation  for  a  plant  employing  three-phase 
current  at  2200  volts  for  the  main  pump  motor,  220  volts  for  the 
priming  pump  and  110  volts  for  lighting. 

The  power  company's  wires  terminate  on  insulators  at  the  outside 
of  the  building. 

Three  holes  8  in.  by  8  in.,  arranged  as  shown  in  Fig.  13,  should  be 
provided  in  the  side  of  the  house  for  the  incoming  wires.     Surfaced 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

13 


8"L'ntrance 


Fig.  12.     Elevation,  Typical  Fig.  13.     Section  Through 

2200-volt  Installation  Typical  2200-volt  Installation 

{For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


14 


timbers  4  in.  by  4  in.  are  fastened  to  the  inside  of  the  house  by  means 
of  bolts.  On  these  are  mounted  metal  pins  and  2200-volt  porcelain 
insulators  (Fig.  15)  for  the  support  of  the  wires.  The  wires  extend 
to  the  top  of  the  switchboard  panel  where  they  terminate  as  shown. 


Transformers 


3-0 


^saqps 


6'-0" 


Compensator 


f     One  of  Afotor .  Foundat/on 

Fig.  14.     Plan  of  Typical  2200-volt  Installation 

A  1-in.  surfaced  board  of  ample  dimensions  for  the  reception  of 
the  power  company's  current  and  potential  transformers  is  fastened 
to  the  wall  and  the  timbers  and  the  pins  and  the  insulators  as  shown, 
are  provided  to  terminate  the  wires.     Not  less  than  36  inches  of  wire 


Insulator 


at  each  point  should  be  allowed  for  the  connections  to  the  power  com- 
pany's incoming  lines  and  the  installation  of  the  metering  apparatus. 
Connections  are  run  from  the  incoming  lines  to  $1)  Type  LG-16, 
2500-volt,    back   connected    disconnecting   switches    (Fig.    16)    which 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

15 


are  mounted  on  iron  cross  supports  fastened  to  the  switchboard  frame. 
These  switches  completely  disconnect  all  live  wires  in  case  any  work 
has  to  be  done  in  the  pump  house  or  on  the  high  voltage  wires. 


Fig.  16.     LG-16  Disconnecting  Switch 

A  ($£)  switch  hook  (Fig.  17)  should  be  kept  in  the  pump  house  for 
the  purpose  of  opening  the  switches. 

From  the  disconnecting  switches  the  wires  extend  to  a  ^^  Type 
FK-5,  2500- volt,  triple-pole  oil  circuit  breaker  (Fig.  18).  This 
circuit  breaker,  which  is  provided  with  overload  and  under-voltage 


Fig.  17.     Cat.  No.  65849  Switch  Hook 

(not  shown)  protective  features,  is  mounted  on  a  lj^-in.  dull  black 
marine  slate  panel  complete  with  subbase  fastened  to  a  1  H-in.  frame. 
The  110-volt  current  for  the  operation  of  the  under-voltage  release  is 
obtained  from  the  lighting  circuit. 

The  wires  from  the  oil  circuit  breaker  are  connected  through  ($|) 
Type  PC-146  series  overload  relays  (Fig.  19)  to  the  motor  starting  device 
which  consists  of  a  wfa  Type  CR  1034-Form  Al  starting  compensator 
(Fig.  20)  mounted  on  a  1 3^-in.  angle  iron  frame  located  alongside  the 
switchboard  panel. 

These  angle  iron  frames  are  fastened  to  a  3-in.  channel  iron  base 
which  in  turn  is  bolted  to  the  floor,  and  braces  are  provided  back  to 
the  wall. 

From  the  motor  starting  device  the  wires  extend  to  the  location 
of  the  motor  terminals.  ♦ 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

16 


All  wiring  connections  from  the  incoming  lines  to  the  motor 
starting  device  should  be  $&)  3000-volt  braided  varnished  cambric 
cable  (Fig.  21).  The  wiring  from  the  motor  starting  device  to  the 
motor  should  be  (gfo)  3000-volt  triple  conductor  lead  covered  varnished 
cambric  cable  (Fig.  19).    The  lead  covering  is  to  prevent  short  circuit- 


Fig.  18.     FK-5  Oil  Circuit  Breaker 

ing  of  the  wires  in  case  moisture  should  get  into  the  conduit  (Fig.  22) 
in  which  they  are  enclosed.  The  conduit,  (Mk  Greenfielduct,  which 
should  be  equipped  with  bushings  at  each  end,  extends  continuously 
from  the  motor  starting  device  to  the  motor  (Fig.  23)  and  is  to  protect 
the  cable  against  mechanical  injury. 

The  cable  should  be  provided  with  (g|)  mechanically  fastened 
end  bells*  (Fig.  24)  which  are  filled  with  G-E  No.  227  insulating  com- 

*  Cable  terminal. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


17 


Fig.  19.     Type  PC-146  Relays 


Fig.  20.     CR  1034-Form  Al 
Compensator 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

18 


pound  in  order  to  protect  the  wires  and  prevent  the  entrance  of  mois- 
ture into  the  cable. 

A  No.  16  gauge  galvanized  iron  box  with  screwed  cover  should  be 
provided  around  the  end  bell  at  the  motor  end  of  the  cable  and  a  similar 
box  should  be  fastened  to  the  motor  to  enclose  the  motor  terminals. 


HHHHHr 

Fig.  21.     Varnished  Cambric  Cable 


These  boxes  are  to  be  connected  by  means  of  ($£)  Greenfield  flexible 
steel  conduit  (Fig.  25).  The  length  of  this  conduit  will  be  dependent 
on  whether  the  motor  is  belted  or  direct  connected  to  the  pump. 

As  2200  volts  is  not  suitable  for  the  operation  of  the  priming  pump 
motor  it  is  necessary  to  provide  transformers  to  reduce  this  to  220 
volts.     Either  two  or  three  ($£)  Type  H  transformers   (Fig.  26)   of 


Fig.  22.     Greenfielduct  Conduit 


proper  capacity  rated  2200  volts  primary,  220/110  volts  secondary, 
should  be  mounted  on  the  rear  wall  of  the  house  as  shown  in  Fig.  14. 
For  the  mounting  of  the  transformers  4-in.  by  4-in.  surfaced  timbers 
are  bolted  to  the  frame  of  the  house.  These  transformers,  which  are 
mounted  on  iron  hangers  are  connected  to  the  incoming  lines  through 
^  Cat.  No.   104227   fused   cutouts    (Fig.  27).     For   the   purpose   of 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

19 


disconnecting  the  transformers  from  the  incoming  lines,  there  should  be 
kept  in  the  pump  house  a  ^  Cat.  No.  158354  plug  puller  (Fig.  28). 
All  wires  used  in  conjunction  with  the  priming  pump  motor  and 
lighting  installation  should  be  ($&  Red  Core  rubber  covered. 


Fig.  23.     Polyphase  Induction  Motor 

Connections  should  be  run  from  the  220/ 110- volt  leads  on  the 
transformers  to  fused  knife  switches  located  on  the  subbase  of  the  main 
switchboard.      The   wires   should   be   enclosed   in    (fifci    Greenfielduct 


Fig.  24.     Mechanically  Fastened  End  Bell 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

20 


conduit,  which  is  fitted  with  proper  terminal  fittings  complete  with 
porcelain  covers. 


Fig.  25.     Greenfield  Flexible  Steel  Conduit 

A  (g|)  Type  LD-22  triple-pole,  single-throw  fused  switch  (Fig.  29) 
of  proper  capacity  should  be  provided  to  control  the  circuit  to  the 
priming  pump  motor. 


Fig.  26.     Type  H  Transformer 

The  wires  to  this  motor,  enclosed  in  (|§)  Greenfielduct  conduit 
equipped  with  proper  terminal  fittings,  should  extend  to  the  location 
°f  a  (g|)  Type  FP-10  oil  circuit  breaker  (Fig.  5  and  30)  provided  with 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

21 


under-voltage  and  overload  protective  features.  This  should  be 
mounted  on  a  1-in.  surfaced  board  bolted  to  the  frame  of  the  pump 
house.  From  this  circuit  breaker  the  wires  should  extend  in  conduit 
to  tfie  motor  conduit  terminal  (Fig.  31). 


Fig.  27.  Cat. 


104227  Cutouts 


A  $4)  Type  LD-22  double-pole,  single-throw  fused  knife  switch 
(Fig.  29)  of  30-amp.  capacity  should  be  provided  to  control  the  lighting 
and  under-voltage  release  circuits. 


Fig.  28.  Cat. 


No.  158534  Plug  Puller 


Fig.  29.     LD-22  Switch 

The  main  switchboard  panel  should  be  drilled  for  the  mounting 
of  the  power  company's  watt-hour  meters. 

Wires  in  (|fe)  Greenfielduct  conduit,  provided  with  proper  terminal 
fittings,  should  extend  from  the  meter  board  to  the  power  company's 
meter,  allowing  18  inches  of  wire  at  each  end  for  connections.     All 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

22 


joints  should  be  soldered  and  if  made  in  3000-volt  wiring,  should  be 
insulated  with  (g|)  bias  varnished  cambric  tape.  Similar  insulation 
should  be  used  on  all  2200-volt  exposed  current  carrying  parts.     If 


Fig.  30.     FP-10  Oil  Circuit  Breaker 

made  in  220-volt  wiring,  they  should  be  insulated  with  6$p  splicing 
gum  and  wfe)  Acme  tape.  In  either  case  the  finished  joint  should  be 
given  a  coat  of  insulating  varnish. 


Fig.  31.     Motor  Conduit  Terminal  Box 

A  ground  wire  connected  to  the  suction  pipe  of  the  pump  should 
be  provided  and  wires  connected  to  it  and  to  the  following  pieces  of 
apparatus: 

1.  The  secondary  wiring  of  the  power  company's  meter  trans- 

formers. 

2.  The  compensator  cases. 

3.  The  oil  circuit  breaker  case. 

4.  The  switchboard  frame. 

5.  The  lighting  transformer  cases  and  the  neutral  of  the  same. 

6.  The  lead  sheath  of  the  cable  and  all  conduits. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

23 


These  connections  should  be  made  either  to  approved  type  ground 
clamps  or  lugs  bolted  to  the  apparatus. 

To  provide  against  accidental  contact  with  any  of  the  live  parts 
at  the  rear  of  the  main  switchboard  barriers  should  be  provided. 


Power  Cos  Transformers 


Power  Cos  Meter  Installation 


Mo/n  Pump/ng  Motor 


Fig.  32.     One  Line  Diagram  of  Connections,  2200-volt  Plant 

The  space  above  and  below  the  motor  starting  device  should  be 
covered  with  No.  16  gauge  dull  black  finish  steel  plate  screwed  in  place. 
At  each  side  of  the  board  provide  a  wooden  barrier  made  of  %-in.  by 
2-in.  battens  not  less  than  8  ft.  high  and  spaced  3  in.  apart.  They 
should  be  securely  fastened  in  place  and  set  not  nearer  than  six  inches 
to  any  live  part. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

24 


The  diagram  of  connections  is  shown  in  Fig.  32. 

The  proper  sizes  of  switches,  cables  and  conduit  for  the  various 
2200-volt  motors  are  shown  on  page  38. 

The  proper  sizes  of  switches,  wire  and  conduits  for  the  various 
horse  power,  220-volt  priming  pump  motors  are  shown  on  page  37. 

LIGHTING 

It  is  desirable  in  all  cases  to  provide  artificial  light  in  pump  houses 
for  purposes  of  inspection. 

For  the  smaller  installations  the  equipment  falls  in  two  classes. 

In  surface  type  plants  this  may  consist  of  a  50-watt  Edison 
MAZDA  lamp  complete  with  a  (||)  Ivanhoe  822  holder  and  (gp 
Ivanhoe  D.P.D.  40  shade  mounted  nine  feet  above  the  floor  as  shown 
in  Fig.  33. 


Fig.  33.     Mazda  Lamp 
with  Reflector 

In  plants  having  pits  similar  equipment  should  be  provided  on 
the  surface  and  an  18-in.  gooseneck  similarly  equipped  to  the  surface 
outlet  should  be  provided  on  the  side  wall  of  the  pit  about  nine  feet 
above  the  floor.  In  each  case  these  outlets  should  be  controlled  by 
means  of  a  (||)  Cat.  No.  60449  snap  switch  located  at  the  entrance  to 
the  pump  house. 

In  the  larger  plants  the  above  equipment  should  be  increased  in 
size.  The  lamps  should  be  ^  75- watt  Edison  MAZDA  "C"  with 
(g&)  Ivanhoe  R.E.D.D.  75  reflectors.  In  addition  it  is  desirable  to 
provide  a  (g&)  543  attachment  receptacle  to  permit  of  the  use  of  an 
inspection  lamp. 

All  wiring  should  be  run  in  (ga)  Greenfielduct  conduit  using  proper 
style  (gl)  Sprague  boxes,  at  the  various  outlets. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

25 


In  the  220-volt  plants  current  can  be  taken  from  the  incoming 
lines  through  a  <3fa  Cat.  No.  102928  fuse  switch  complete  with  6-amp. 
(jfe)  cartridge  fuses  and  mounted  in  a  metal  cabinet  located  adjacent 
tothe  meter  cabinet.     In  these  cases  220-volt  lamps  can  be  used. 


Fig.  34.     Type  CR  1034-Form  Al  Compensators 

In  the  440-volt  plants  it  will  be  necessary  to  provide  a  (g|)  Type 
H  transformer  mounted  and  connected  in  a  similar  manner  to  that 
noted  under  2200-volt  plant  installations. 

In  the  2200-volt  plants  the  current  can  be  taken  from  the  trans- 
formers used  for  the  priming  pump  motor. 

In  these  two  latter  classes  of  plants  110-volt  lamps  will  be  used. 

MOTOR  STARTING  DEVICES 

STARTING  COMPENSATORS 

Starting  compensators  are  furnished  with  all  motors  7lA  h.p.  and 
larger.  They  reduce  the  heavy  inrush  of  current  which  would  other- 
wise occur  if  no  compensator  was  employed.    They  consist  of  an  auto- 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

26 


transformer  enclosed  in  an  iron  case  and  an  oil  circuit  breaker  to  make 
the  connections  to  the  circuit  and  are  provided  with  overload  relays 
and  under-voltage  release  to  prevent  damage  to  the  motors  in  case  of 
loads  or  failure  of  line  voltage. 


Fig.  35.     Overload  Relay  Panel 

They  are  made  in  two  styles  as  shown  in  Fig.  34  and  are  ar- 
ranged for  all  mounting. 

They  are  arranged  for  conduit  wiring. 

On  both  types  overload  relays  are  provided.  Their  function 
is  to  protect  the  motor  against  continued  overloads  or  single-phase 
operation.  Used  in  place  of  fuses,  they  soon  pay  for  themselves. 
Adjustment  of  the  relays  can  be  made  without  uncovering  any  live 
parts. 

Existing  plants  using  motor  starting  devices  equipped  with  fuses 
and  having  under-voltage  releases  can  secure  better  protection  at  less 
cost  by  installing  these  overload  relays  (Fig.  35)  mounted  on  a  panel 
instead  of  using  fuses. 

Type  CR  1034-Form  Al  compensator  can  be  provided  with  an 
ammeter  in  addition  to  the  overload  relays.     The  ammeter  (Fig.  36)  as 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

27 


a  part  of  the  compensator  equipment  is  a  valuable  safeguard  in  in- 
suring that  the  motor  is  not  working  at  an  overload  due  to  abnormal 
friction  or  other  causes,  an  increase  in  the  ammeter  reading  being  a 
direct  indication  of  the  overload. 

The  transformers  in  the  case  are  provided  with  taps  to  enable  the 
voltage  impressed  on  the  motor  to  be  changed  to  suit  the  starting 
conditions.  When  the  compensator  is  shipped  from  the  factory  the 
starting  connection  is  made  to  the  second  tap  nearest  the  core. 


Fig.  36.     Type  R-6  Ammeter 

All  compensators  are  arranged  so  that  all  connections  and  live 
parts  are  totally  enclosed.  A  tripping  button  operated  from  the 
outside  is  provided  to  open  circuit  the  compensator. 

Fig.  37  and  38  show  diagrams  of  connections  for  starting  com- 
pensators, 220  or  440  volts,  and  2200  volts. 

TYPE  FP-10  OIL  CIRCUIT  BREAKERS 

In  the  case  of  motors  5  h.p.  and  smaller  where  the  inrush  of  cur- 
rent at  starting  is  not  objectionable,  ($p  Type  FP-10  oil  circuit 
breakers  (Fig.  39a)  are  used  to  protect  the  motor  against  continued 
overloads,  single-phase  operation  or  failure  of  line  voltage. 

This  is  accomplished  by  means  of  time  limit  overload  protective 
plugs  and  under-voltage  release.  The  time  limit  overload  plugs 
(Fig.  40)  are  connected  in  series  with  the  motor  circuit  and  are  designed 
so  that  excessive  current,  due  to  the  overload,  heats  the  post  A.  This 
in  turn  is  transmitted  to  the  fusible  joint  which  melts,  thereby  opening 
the  circuit  and  causing  the  motor  to  shut  down. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

28 


Push  Button 


Overload 
Relay 

Generator 


Open  Here  for  External 
Push  Button 


-Tap  No.l  is  next  to 
tore  and  is  lowest 
%Tap 


Cable 
Clamp 


Running 

Side 

Off 

Startmg 
Side 


Tap  No.  4--* 
TapNo.3-H 
Tap  No. 2 
-TapNal 

ICorcl 


i 


Coil 


—Finish 

Tap  No,  4 

Tap  No.  3 

Tap  No.  2 

Tap  No.l 

?— Start 


I       II     KFinish  Standard  Induction  Motor  Compensators  have 

"-•—Start  3Taps  up  toZOH.R  4Taps20H.Pand  above 

fnnnorfflHY  Other  Compensators  mau  have  2, 3, 4or  5  Taps 
ConnectedY  Depending  on  service.     y 


Fig.  37.     Connections  of  Three-phase  CR  1034  Form  Al  Starting  Com- 
pensator with  Under-voltage  Release  and  Overload  Relays 
for  220-  or  440-volt  Circuits 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

29 


Push  Button 


Generator 


Potentia 
Transformer 


Open  Here  for  Externa  I 
Push  Button 


i — Tap  No.l  is  next 
to  Core  and  is 
lowest  %  Tap 


TapNo4.-* 
Tap  No  ZM 
j  Tap  No  Z  ' 
LTapNo.H 
r  ICoTel 


I 


Coil 


Fig.  38. 


Starting 
Side 


•♦-Finish 
TaplMo.4 
TapNo.3 
TapNo-2 
TapNo.l 
Start 

Finish     Standard  Induction  Motor  Compensators  have 
Start       3Taps  up  to  20H.P,  4Taps20H.Rand  above 

Other  Compensators  may  have  2,3, 4  or  5  Taps 

Depend  i  ng  on  ser  vi  ce 

Connections  of  a  Three-phase  CR  1034  Form  Al  Compen- 
sator with  Under-voltage  and  Overload  Release  for 
2200-volt  Circuits 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

30 


These  circuit  breakers  can  also  be  furnished  with  overload  relays 
and  under-voltage  release  (Fig.  39b). 


(a)      Fig.  39.     FP-10  Oil  Circuit  Breakers 


(b) 


Fig.  41  shows  the  diagram  of  connections  for  a  Type  FP-10  oil 
circuit  breaker  using  time  limit  overload  protection  plugs  and  under- 
voltage  release  for  either  220  or  440  volts. 


Fig.  40.     Time  Limit  Protective  Plugs,  220-440  Volts 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 


31 


220  Vo/ts 


440Volte 


Fig.  41.     Wiring  for  Triple-pole   FP-10  Oil  Circuit  Breaker 

Using  Under-voltage  Release  and  Time  Limit 

Protective  Plugs — 60  Cycles 


Fig.  42.     Type  FK-20  Oil  Circuit  Breaker  with  Series 
Trip  Coils  and  Under-voltage  Release 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

32 


TYPE  FK-20  OIL  CIRCUIT  BREAKERS 

Many  existing  plants  have  the  older  type  of  motor  starting 
devices  equipped  with  fuses  and  without  under-voltage  release. 

In  order  to  provide  complete  protection  against  continued  over- 
loads or  single-phase  operation,  a  $1)  Type  FK-20  oil  circuit  breaker 
(Fig.  42)  can  be  installed  ahead  of  these  motor  starting  devices.  .  It  is 


Z20Mts 


440Vo/ts 


Fig.  43.     Wiring  for  Triple-pole  Type  FK-20,  220-  and  440- 
volt  Oil  Circuit  Breaker  Using  Double  Series 
Trip  and  Under-voltage  Release 

equipped  with  protective  features  in  the  form  of  under-voltage  release 
and  overload  relays  and  its  use  will  make  an  old  installation  up-to-date. 

Fig.  43  shows  a  diagram  of  the  connections  for  a  (g|)  Type  FK-20 
oil  circuit  breaker  for  either  220  or  440  volts  connected  to  provide 
protection  to  a  plant  having  the  old  style  motor  starting  devices. 

Fig.  44  shows  a  similar  installation  for  2200  volts. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

33 


Under /o/tege 
-fie/ease 


*L7 
'IZ 
'13 


0// 
_  £/rcu/'t 
Breaker 


Potent/a/ 
Transformer 


Motor  5tarting 
Device 

Motor 


Fig.  44.     Wiring  for  Type  FK-20  Oil  Circuit  Breaker, 

2200  Volts,  with  Double  Series  Trip  and 

Under-voltage  Release 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

34 


WIRING  DATA 

The  following  tables  show  the  suggested  sizes  of  wires,  conduits, 
fuses,  entrance  switches,  etc.,  to  be  used  with  motors  of  the  voltages 
and  horse  powers  noted: 

TABLE  I 
@£h  TYPE  RI  INDUCTION  MOTORS— SINGLE-PHASE  220  VOLTS 


Full 

Size  of 

Size 

Size  of 
Wire 
B.&S. 
Gauge 

Size  of 

H.P. 

Load 

Switches 

Start 

Conduit 

Current 

in  Amp. 

Fuses 

in  In. 

1 

5.9 

30 

20 

14 

lA 

2 

10.7 

60 

30 

10 

H 

3 

14.5 

60 

40 

8 

l 

5 

23 

60 

60 

6 

l 

7*A 

32.5 

100 

75 

4 

1« 

10 

42 

100 

100 

2 

IX 

TABLE  II 
TYPE  KT  INDUCTION  MOTORS— THREE-PHASE  220  VOLTS 


Full 

Size  of 

Size 

Size  of 
Wire 
B.&S. 
Gauge 

Size  of 

H.P. 

Load 

Switches 

Start 

Conduit 

Current 

in  Amp. 

Fuses 

in  In. 

1 

3.4 

30 

15 

14 

H 

2 

6.2 

30 

25 

12 

H 

*     3 

8.8 

30 

30 

10 

X 

*     5 

14.2 

60 

50 

8 

l 

7^ 

18.9 

60 

50 

6 

IH 

10 

25 

100 

70 

6 

IH 

15 

38 

100 

90 

4 

IX 

20 

49 

200 

125 

2 

IX 

25 

61 

200 

150 

1 

W2 

30 

73 

200 

175 

0 

2 

40 

97 

200 

225 

00 

2 

50 

122 

400 

275 

000 

2X 

75 

178 

400 

350 

300  MCM 

2X 

100 

244 

600 

500 

400  MCM 

3 

*  These  size  motors  are  those  usually  employed  for  priming  pumps  in  the  larger 
installations. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

35 


TABLE  III 
TYPE  KT  INDUCTION  MOTORS— THREE-PHASE  440  VOLTS 


Full 

Size  of 

Size 

Size  of 
Wire 
B.&S. 
Gauge 

Size  of 

H.P. 

Load 

Switches 

Start 

Conduit 

Current 

in  Amp. 

Fuses 

in  In. 

1 

1.7 

30 

10 

14 

H 

2 

3.1 

30 

15 

14 

j/^ 

*     3 

4.4 

30 

20 

14 

j^ 

*     5 

7.1 

30 

20 

12 

H 

7H 

9.5 

30 

25 

10 

H 

10 

12.5 

60 

30 

8 

l 

15 

19 

100 

40 

6 

iH 

20 

24.5 

100 

80 

6 

IX 

25 

30.5 

100 

90 

4 

IX 

30 

36.5 

100 

90 

4 

IX 

40 

48.5 

200 

150 

1 

1H 

50 

61 

200 

150 

1 

IK 

75 

89 

200 

200 

0 

2 

100 

122 

400 

325 

0000 

2H 

150 

180 

400 

475 

400  MCM 

3 

200 

247 

600 

500 

500  MCM 

3 

*  These  size  motors  are  those  usually  employed  for  priming  pumps  in  the  larger 
installations. 

TABLE  IV 
$£)TYPE  KT  INDUCTION  MOTORS— THREE-PHASE  2200  VOLTS 


H.P. 

Approxi- 
mate Full 
Load 
Current 
in  Amp. 

Size  of 

Oil 

Circuit 

Breaker 

in  Amp. 

K-5,  K-20 

Capacity 
Relays 
K-5  Oil 
Circuit 
Breaker 

Capacity 
of  Series 

Coils 

K-20  Oil 

Circuit 

Breaker 

Size  of 
Wire 
B.&S. 
Gauge 

Size  of 

Conduit 

in  In. 

20 

6.0 

60 

10 

6 

14 

1 

25 

7.2 

60 

10 

8 

12 

IX 

30 

8.5 

60 

10 

10 

12 

IX 

40 

11.2 

60 

15 

12 

10 

IX 
IX 

50 

12.5 

60 

15 

12 

8 

75 

20 

60 

20 

20 

8 

IX 

100 

26 

60 

25 

25 

6 

\XA 

150 

38 

60 

40 

40 

4 

IV2 

200 

50 

60 

50 

60 

1 

2 

TABLE  V 
GROUND  WIRE  SIZES 

Copper  wire  should  be  used  of  a  size  not  smaller  than  that  indi- 


cated below. 


Size  of  Cutout  in  Amperes 

Size  of  Wire 

0-  60 

60-100 

100-200 

201-600 

No.  10 
No.    8 
No.    6 
No.    4 

Fuses  are  automatic  cutouts 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

36 


TABLE  VI 
TABLE   OF  ALLOWABLE   CARRYING   CAPACITIES   OF   WIRES 

The  following  table,  showing  the  allowable  carrying  capacity  of 
copper  wires  and  cables  of  98  per  cent  conductivity,  according  to  the 
standard  adopted  by  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers, 
must  be  followed  in  placing  interior  conductors. 

For  insulated  aluminum  wire  the  safe  carrying  capacity  is  84 
per  cent  of  that  given  in  the  following  tables  for  copper  wire  with  the 
same  kind  of  insulation. 


B.&S. 
Gauge 
Number 

Diameter  of 

Solid  Wire 

in  Mils 

Area  in 

Circular 

Mils 

Table  A 

Rubber 

Insulation 

Amperes 

Table  B 

Other 

Insulation 

Amperes 

18 

40.3 

1,624 

3 

5 

16 

50.8 

2,583 

6 

10 

14 

64.1 

4,107 

15 

20 

12 

80.8 

6,530 

20 

25 

10 

101.9 

10,380 

25 

30 

8 

128.5 

16,510 

35 

50 

6 

162.0 

26,250 

50 

70 

5 

181.9 

33,100 

55 

80 

4 

204.3 

41,740 

70 

90 

3 

229.4 

52,630 

80 

100 

2 

257.6 

66,370 

90 

125 

1 

289.3 

83,690 

100 

150 

0 

325.0 

105,500 

125 

200 

00 

364.8 

133,100 

150 

225 

000 

409.6 

167,800 

175 

275 

200,000 

200 

300 

0000 

460.0 

211,600 

225 

325 

300,000 

275 

400 

400,000 

325 

500 

500,000 

400 

600 

600,000 

450 

680 

700,000 

500 

760 

800,000 

550 

840 

900,000 

600 

920 

1,000,000 

650 

1000 

1,100,000 

690 

1080 

1,200,000 

730 

1150 

1,300,000 

770 

1220 

1,400,000 

810 

1290 

1,500,000 

850 

1360 

1,600,000 

890 

1430 

1,700,000 

930 

1490 

1,800,000 

970 

1550 

1,900,000 

1010 

1610 

2,000,000 

1050 

1670 

1  mil  =0.001  inch. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

37 


TABLE  VII 

SIZE  OF  CONDUITS  FOR  THE  INSTALLATION  OF  WIRES  AND  CABLES 
Number  of  Conductors 


One 

Two 

Three 

Four 

Conductor 

Conductors 

Conductors 

Conductors 

in  a 

in  a 

in  a 

in  a 

Conduit. 

Conduit. 

Conduit. 

Conduit. 

Size 

Size 

Size 

Size 

Conduit 

Conduit 

Conduit 

Conduit 

in  In. 

in  In. 

in  In. 

in  In. 

Size 
B.&S. 

Electrical 

Electrical 

Electrical 

Electrical 

Trade 

Trade 

Trade 

Trade 

Size 

Size 

Size 

Size 

14 

X 

K 

H 

H 

12 

X 

% 

X 

% 

10 

x 

% 

% 

i 

8 

x 

l 

IX 

i 

6 

% 

l 

IK 

IX 

5 

% 

IX 

IX 

IX 

4 

8 

IX 

IX 

IK 

3 

X 

IX 
IX 

IX 

2 

X 

IK 

IK 

1 

H 

IK 

IK 

2 

0 

l 

IK 

2 

2 

00 

l 

2 

2 

2K 

000 

l 

2 

2 

2« 

0000 
CM. 

IX 

2 

2K 

2K 

200,000 

IX 

2 

2K 

2K 

250,000 

IX 

2K 

2K 
2X 

3 

300,000 

IX 

2K 

3 

400,000 

IX 

3 

3 

3K 

500,000 

IX 

3 

3 

3K 

600,000 

IX 

3 

3K 

700,000 

2 

sy2 

3K 

800,000 

2 

3K 

4 

900,000 

2 

3K 

4 

1,000,000 

2 

4 

4 

1,250,000 

2V2 

4K 

4K 

1.500,000 

2lA 

4K 

5 

1,750,000 

3 

5 

5 

2,000,000 

3 

5 

6 

For  sizes  not  greater  than  No.  10  B.&S.  gauge,  one  more  conductor  than  permitted 
by  the  above  table  may  be  installed  in  the  specified  conduit,  provided  the  conduit  is 
not  longer  than  30  feet,  and  has  not  more  than  the  equivalent  of  two  quarter  bends  from 
outlet  to  outlet,  the  bends  at  the  outlets  not  being  counted. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

38 


TABLE  VIII 

CONDUIT  TABLE  GIVING  SIZES  OF  CONDUIT  WHICH   WILL   BE    REQUIRED    FOR 
VARIOUS  COMBINATIONS  OF  WIRES 


Size 

in 
In. 

Area 

Hin. 

Kin. 

1  in. 

\%  in. 

IH  in. 

2  in. 

2^  in. 

3  in. 

3y2  in. 

4  in. 

5  in. 

H 

.196 

.392 

H 

.638 
1 

.981 
1 

1.423 
1M 

1.963 
13^ 

3.337 
2 

5.105 

2y2 

7.265 
3 

9.817 

sy2 

12.762 
4 

19.831 
5 

H 

.442 

.638 

H 

.884 

1.227 

IH 

1.669 
1^ 

2.209 
llA 

3.583 
2 

5.351 

2y2 

7.511 
3 

10.063 

sy2 

13.008 
4 

20.077 
5 

1 

.785 

.981 

1 

1.227 

1M 

1.570 

m 

2.012 
13^ 

2.552 
13^ 

3.926 
2 

5.694 

2y2 

7.854 
3 

10.406 
33^ 

13.351 

4 

20.420 
5 

\H 

1.227 

1.423 

IH 

1.669 

IH 

2.012 

2.454 
2 

2.994 
2 

4.368 

2H 

6.136 
3 

8.296 
3 

10.848 

sy2 

13.793 

4 

20.862 
5 

IX 

1.767 

1.693 

\H 

2.209 
IH 

2.552 
2 

2.994 
2 

3.534 
2 

4.908 

2A 

6.676 
3 

8.836 
3M 

11.388 
4 

14.333 
4 

21.402 
5 

2 

3.141 
4.909 

3.337 
2 

5.105 

2y2 

3.583 
2 

3.926 
2 

4.368 
2H 

4.908 

2H 

6.282 
3 

8.050 
3 

10.210 

sy2 

12.762 
4 

15.707 
43^ 

22.776 
5 

2lA 

5.351 

2H 

5.694 

23^ 

6.136 
3 

6.676 
3 

8.050 
3 

9.818 

sy2 

11.978 
4 

14.530 
4 

17.475 
4M 

24.544 
6 

3 

7.069 

5.265 
3 

5.511 
3 

5.854 
3 

8.296 
3 

6.836 

sy2 

10.210 
3^ 

11.978 
4 

14.138 
4 

16.690 
4M 

19.635 
5 

26.704 
6 

W2 

9.621 

9.817 

sy2 

10.063 

sy2 

10.406 
3H 

10.848 

sy2 

11.388 
4 

12.762 
4 

14.530 
43^ 

16.690 

w2 

19.242 
5 

22.187 
5 

29.256 
6 

4 

12.566 

12.762 

4 

13.008 

13.351 

4 

13.793 
4 

14.333 

43^ 

15.707 

4H 

17.475 
4^ 

19.635 
5 

22.187 
5 

25.132 
6 

5 

19.635 

09.831 
5 

20.077 
5 

20.420 
5 

20.862 
5 

21.402 
5 

22.776 
5 

24.544 
6 

26.704 
6 

29.256 
6 

You  will  note  that  the  first  vertical  column  gives  the  standard  sizes  of  conduit 
together  with  the  cross-sectional  area.  The  top  horizontal  column  gives  the  sizes  of 
conduit  only.  The  small  figures  in  the  body  of  the  table  give  the  combined  area  of  the 
two  conduits  and  the  size  of  conduit  required  for  the  reception  of  the  required  number 
and  sizes  of  wires.  For  example:  It  is  desired  to  know  what  size  conduit  will  be  required 
for  three  0000  and  three  No.  1 .  Starting  in  the  vertical  line  with  1 3^-in.  conduit ,  proceed 
horizontally  to  the  vertical  column  for  2y2-\n.  conduit  and  you  will  note  that  the  com- 
bined area  of  the  two  conduits  is  6.676,  and  the  size  conduit  required  is  3  in.  If  it  is 
desired  to  find  the  size  of  conduit  for  three  circuits,  take  the  pipe  size  thus  obtained  and 
repeat  the  operation  for  the  next  size  of  conduit  required. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

39 


GENERAL  INFORMATION  ON  CENTRIFUGAL  PUMPS 

The  purpose  of  this  section  is  to  present  in  brief  form  some  tables 
and  data  which  may  be  of  assistance  to  those  interested  in  the  planning 
and  installation  of  irrigation  pumping  plants. 

The  centrifugal  pump  is  in  most  general  use  due  to  its  adaptability 
for  various  classes  of  service.  Its  design  is  generally  well  understood 
and  the  various  pump  manufacturing  companies  issue  catalogs  which 
cover  the  field  in  a  thorough  manner — and  which  they  will  gladly 
supply  on  request. 

The  usual  pumping  plant  is  either  belt  driven  or  direct  connected. 
The  latter  drive  can  usually  be  employed  and  is  more  satisfactory  and 
economical  due  to  the  elimination  of  belt  loss,  belt  renewal  and  the 
saving  in  space. 

It  is  important  that  the  pump  be  located  as  near  the  water  line 
as  possible  to  eliminate  excessive  suction  head.  The  suction  lift  should 
not  exceed  20  feet.  If  this  distance  can  be  lessened,  so  much  the  better. 
For  that  reason  the  pumping  unit  is  usually  mounted  in  a  pit  sunk  to  a 
point  near  the  pumping  water  level.  Although  not  absolutely  essential, 
it  is  advisable  that  the  pit  be  concreted  throughout  and  that  the  floor 
be  of  sufficient  thickness  to  provide  a  proper  foundation.  The  pit 
should  be  large  enough  to  permit  of  easy  accessibility  of  pump  and 
motor. 

The  casing  of  the  well  extends  through  the  concrete  floor  and  can 
be  water  sealed  around  pump  suction  pipe  if  necessary. 

General  Electric  motors  (Fig.  45)  are  particularly  suitable  for 
pumping  plant  service.  A  wide  range  of  standard  speeds  permits  of 
direct  connection  of  motor  to  pump  to  fit  almost  any  condition. 
They  are  made  in  single-phase,  two-phase,  three-phase  110  volts,  220 
volts,  440  volts  and  2200  volts. 

Impregnated  moisture-resisting  windings  in  General  Electric  motors 
make  them  particularly  reliable  in  pumping  plants  where  during  a 
season  of  the  year  the  plant  is  idle  and  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  the 
accumulation  of  a  certain  amount  of  moisture  on  the  windings. 

In  selecting  or  ordering  a  centrifugal  pump  it  is  important  that 
the  following  information  be  known: 

1.  Desired  capacity  of  pump  in  gallons  per  minute. 

2.  Total  suction  lift  in  feet,  that  is,  distance  from  center  line  of 

pump  to  operating  water  level. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

40 


Type  KT,  Form  B 
Skeleton  Frame  Polyphase 


Typs  RI,  Form  C,  Single  Phase 


Type  I,  Form  K 
Skeleton  Frame  Polyphase 

Fig.  45.     Types  of  Induction  Motors 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

41 


3.  Total  discharge  lift  in  feet. 

4.  Length  of  suction  and  discharge  pipe  required,  together  with 

number  of  elbows  required  in  line. 

5.  Voltage,  phase  and  cycles  of  alternating  current  motor    to 

be  used. 

6.  If  water  is  to  be  supplied  from  bored  well,  give  diameter  of 

well    casing.      If    pit    is    already    constructed,    state    its 
breadth,  length  and  depth. 

7.  A  rough  sketch  showing  these  dimensions  and  the  proposed 

layout  will  greatly  assist  pump  manufacturers  in  readily 
supplying  the  proper  pump  to  fit  the  conditions. 
It  is  advisable  that  wells  be  tested  before  equipment  is  ordered. 


HYDRAULIC  DATA 

FORMULA  FOR  FIGURING  HORSE  POWER  REQUIRED 
BY  CENTRIFUGAL  PUMPS 

_G.P.M.XHX8.33. 
'  33,000  XE 

H.P.  =  horse  power  of  motor  required  by  pump. 
G.P.M.  =  capacity  of  pump  in  gallons  per  minute. 

H  =  total  pumping  head  in  feet. 
8.33  is  weight  of  one  gallon  of  water  in  pounds. 
E  =  pump  efficiency. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

42 


tYe// 


Operating  Water Levet- 


^—Suction  Pipe 


root  Va/ve  used  on 
=■    smatt  pumps 


r 


Pit 


Pump 


!§*# 


Motor 


Fig.  46.     Necessary  Pumping  Plant  Dimensions 

43 


TABLE  IX 

APPROXIMATE  CAPACITIES  AND  EFFICIENCIES  OF 
CENTRIFUGAL  PUMPS  FOR  VARIOUS  HEADS 


Gal.  per  Min. 

PER  CENT  EFFICIENCY HEAD  RANGE 

Size  in  In. 

15  to  25  Ft. 

30  to  60  Ft. 

70  to  80  Ft. 

1 

20 

35 

28 

1H 

50 

33 

40 

2 

100 

40 

48 

40 

21/* 

150 

40 

50 

40 

3 

225 

48 

56 

52 

4 

400 

50 

60 

55 

5 

700 

55 

64 

60 

6 

900 

56 

67 

62 

7 

1200 

60 

68 

65 

8 

1600 

60 

68 

65 

10 

3000 

65 

70 

68 

12 

4500 

65 

70 

68 

These  figures  will  vary  somewhat  depending  on  the  type  and 
manufacture  of  the  pump,  but  may  be  used  as  a  guide. 

Data  can  be  supplied  by  pump  manufacturers  on  any  specific 
proposition  or  on  sizes  larger  than  shown  in  table. 

TABLE  X 
CONVERSION  TABLE 

To  convert  inches  vacuum  to  feet  head  multiply  vacuum  gauge 
reading  by  1.13. 

To  convert  pressure  in  pounds  per  square  inch  to  feet  head 
multiply  pressure  gauge  reading  by  2.31. 

To  convert  feet  head  to  pounds  pressure  per  square  inch  multiply 
by  0.433. 

231  cubic  inches  of  water  =  1  gallon. 

1  gallon  of  water  weighs  8.33  lb. 

1  cubic  foot  of  water  contains  7^  gallons. 

1  second-foot  =450  gallons  per  minute. 

1  California  miner's  inch  =  11.22  gallons  per  minute. 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

44 


TABLE  XI 

RECOMMENDED  SIZES  OF  PIPE  FOR  VARIOUS 
LENGTHS  OF  DISCHARGE  LINE 


LENGTH  OF  PIPE  LINE  IN 

FEET 

Gals. 

per  Min. 

50 

100 

250        500        750        1000 

2000 

3000 

4000 

5000 

Recommended  Pipe  Sizes 

in  Inches 

25 

1H 

IH 

2 

2 

2V2 

2V2 

2V2 

3 

3 

3 

50 

2 

2 

2V2 

W2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

75 

2 

2V2 

2V2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

100 

2V2 

2V2 

2V2 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

150 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

200 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

250 

4 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

7 

300 

4 

4 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

400 

4 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

500 

5 

5 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

10 

10 

700 

6 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

10 

10 

10 

800 

6 

6 

7 

7 

8 

8 

10 

12 

12 

12 

1000 

7 

7 

8 

8 

10 

10 

12 

12 

14 

14 

1200 

8 

8 

8 

10 

10 

10 

12 

12 

14 

14 

1500 

8 

8 

10 

10 

12 

12 

14 

14 

15 

16 

2000 

10 

10 

10 

12 

12 

14 

14 

15 

16 

18 

3000 

10 

12 

12 

14 

15 

15 

18 

18 

20 

20 

TABLE  XII 

HOW  TO  DETERMINE  TOTAL  HEAD  OF  A  PUMPING 

PLANT  IN  OPERATION 


Pressure    A 
Gauge-+{F\ 


^-Discharge  Prpe 


Pump 


Vacuum  Gauge 


Multiply  reading  on  /I  by  2.51 
,  "B" »  1.13 
rfdd  these  results,  then  add 
d/stance  "C'in  Feet. 
This  will  then  be  the  total 
head  in  Feet  against  which 
the  Pump  is  operating. 


Fig.  47 


This  will  then  be  the  total  head  in  feet  against  which  the  pump  is 
operating.  There  will  be  a  slight  error  in  this  procedure  due  to  neglect- 
ing entrance  and  velocity  head  losses,  but  as  these  losses  are  slight  on 
the  average  size  of  plant,  they  may  be  neglected. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

45 


FRICTION  OF  WATER  IN  PIPES 

When  water  flows  through  a  pipe  certain  contact  friction  is  set 
up  with  a  resulting  additional  head,  which  is  measured  in  feet  or 
fractions  thereof.     The  friction  indicated  in  this  table  is  in  feet  head 


\A 

B    B    B    B 

A. 

A% 

4 

/WA 

4 

■1 

o' 

■M 

~- 

t 

i 

■•« 

y 

M 

III' ' 

^%ismr 

Fig.  48.     Open  Ditch 


per  100  feet  of  pipe,  and  is  based  on  clean,  smooth  pipe  interior.  For 
slightly  rough  pipes  add  25  per  cent  and  for  very  rough  pipes  add  50 
per  cent  to  indicated  friction  heads.  It  is  only  when  water  is  to  be 
pumped  through  pipe  line  instead  of  being  discharged  into  ditch  at 
pumping  plant  that  consideration  of  this  table  is  necessary. 


J 


B 


m 


Fig.  49.     Open  Flume 

FORMULA  FOR  CALCULATION  OF  APPROXIMATE'QUANTITY 
OF  WATER  FLOWING  IN   OPEN  DITCH  ORJFLUME 

The  correct  method  of  measuring  water  flow  is  by  means  of  a 
standard  weir.  However,  it  is  not  always  convenient  to  construct 
a  weir  on  the  job  and  for  that  reason  the  following  method  is  offered 
for  calculation  of  approximate  quantity  of  water  flowing  in  open  ditch 
or  flume. 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

46 


CM 

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OOOOOOOOHr-HMN^NOHtOMCCOO^CO 

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co  co  lo  d  d  d  co  d  co  cm'  d 

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10 

:< 

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us 

:c 

:  : 
31 

-  a 

:  s 

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>Lf 

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C 

e 

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c 
tr. 

C 
c 

c 
'- 

C 
c 
'- 

2 

c 

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2 

§ 

o 

§ 

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c 
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g 
c 

c 
2 

c 

c- 

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C 

c 
s? 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

47 


Open  Ditch 

Measure  widths  A-A',  etc. 

Measure  depths  B-B',  etc. 

Let  A  =  average  width  in  feet. 

Let  B  =  average  depth  in  feet. 

Measure  velocity  of  water  by  timing  a  float  in  the  ditch.  This 
velocity  should  be  reduced  to  feet  per  second.  Deduct  15  per  cent 
of  this  for  friction. 

Then  gallons  per  minute  =  A  XB  X  V  X450.      (See  Fig.  48.) 

Flume 

Same  procedure  as  above,  except  deduct  10  per  cent  from  indicated 
velocity  for  friction.     (See  Fig.  49.) 

TABLE  XIV 
DATA  ON  LEATHER  BELT  TRANSMISSION 


H.F> 


2  3 

/Ply 


7    a  9  K) 
Belt  Width  in  Inches 
I— 2Ply 


20  30       4CT 

-J- 3Pig it 


Fig.  50 
For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

'  48 


DATA  ON  LEATHER  BELT  TRANSMISSION— (Cont'd) 
Belt  Centers 

In  order  to  avoid  trouble  which  may  arise  on  account  of  belted 
motors  being  located  so  close  to  driven  pulleys  that  belts  do  not  make 
sufficient  contact  with  the  motor  pulley,  the  following  rule  should  be 
observed: 
Rule 

The  distance  between  centers  with  straight  open  belting  should 
preferably  be  more  but  never  less  than  23^2  times  the  diameter  of  the 
larger  pulley.  This  will  insure  an  arc  of  contact  of  at  least  160  degrees. 
Belts  are  Manufactured  to  the  Following  Widths: 

Up  to  2  in.  varying  by  3^  in.;  2  to  5  in.,  varying  by  lA  in.;  5  to  10 
in.,  varying  by  1  in.;  10  to  36  in.,  varying  by  2  in.;  above  36  in.,  varyin 
by  4  in. 
Widths 

The  accompanying  curves  showing  the  widths  of  leather  belting 
which  should  be  used  for  various  belt  speeds  and  horse  power,  have  been 
plotted  from  the  following  data: 

Working  tension  per  sq.  in.  =275  lb.  for  laced  belting. 

Average  thickness  per  ply=TT  in. 

Centrifugal  force  =  0.012V2  (with  velocity  in  ft.  per  sec). 

T1=1;T2  =0.316.  Tl 

Ratio  tight  over  slack  side  =  ^-  =  3. 1643. 

Torque  or  pull  =  T 1  -  T2  =  0.684. 
Greatest  tension  =T1+0.012V2. 
Speeds 

The  following  belt  speeds  are  considered  safe  recommendations: 


Recommended 

H.P. 

Kw. 

Belt  Speed  in 
Feet  per  Min. 

1  to  under 

5 

1  to  under 

4 

2000 

5  to  under 

20 

4  to  under 

15 

2500 

20  to  under 

75 

15  to  under 

56 

3000 

75  to  under 

100 

56  to  under 

75 

3500 

100  to  under 

150 

75  to  under 

112 

4000 

150  to  under 

200 

112  to  under 

159 

4500 

200  to  under  1450 

159  to  under  1082 

5000 

Five  thousand  feet  per  minute  is  the  maximum  speed  considered  safe  to  operate 
belts. 

WIDTH  OF  BELT  IN  RELATION  TO  WIDTH  OF  PULLEY  FACE 


WIDTH  OF  FACE  MUST  NOT   BE  LESS  THAN  WIDTH  OF  BELT 
BUT  MAY  EXCEED  SAME  BY 

Width  of  Belt 
in  Inches 

Cast  Iron  Pulleys 

Paper  Pulleys 

Max.  in  Inches 

Max.  in  Inches 

Up  to  2 
2  to    5 
5  to  12 
12  to  20  incl. 
Above  20  to  24 
4  to  36 
Above  36 

X 

H 

H 
H 
% 

% 

H 

H 

l 
l 

2 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

49 


PUMP  AND  MOTOR  SPECIFICATION  SHEETS 

(jg)  PUMP  AND  PIPING  (g) 

Size  of  pump Capacity  in  gallons  per  minute 

Total  head Suction  lift .'. Discharge  lift 

Size  and  length  of  discharge  pipe 

Size  and  length  of  suction  pipe _ 

Does  pump  discharge  at  surface? If  not,   state  size  and 

length  of  pipe  line.„ 

Elbows:  number,  size  and  length 

Priming  equipment;  hand  or  motor-driven 


Check  valve Foot  valve 

Miscellaneous  fittings 


PIT 

Depth Length Width 

Concreted Timbered Earthen. 

Location  of  well  in  pit 

Diameter  and  gauge  of  well  casing 

Type  and  dimensions  of  house  over  pit 


(jg)  MOTOR 

Horse  power Speed Volts.. 

Phase.. Cycles Type... 

How  connected  to  pump 

Accessories:     Pulley Base 

Starting  device ....Ammeter 


For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

50 


WIRING 
220-  OR  440-VOLT,  SINGLE-  OR  THREE-PHASE  PLANT 

Size  of  wires . 6?!)  Red  Core 

Size  of  Conduit fcfl)  Greenfielduct 

Capacity  of  entrance  switch.... wfj$ 

Capacity  of  entrance  fuses QQ 

Note. — Consult    power    company    regarding    metering    require- 
ments. 

Meter  board 

Miscellaneous  fittings 


WIRING 
2200-VOLT,  THREE-PHASE  PLANT 

Size  of  entrance  wires {M}  braided 

varnished  cambric  3000-volt  cable. 
Meter  board..... 

Switchboard    panel:      Capacity    of    (JM)    FK-5,    2500- volt    oil    circuit 

breaker ....amperes,  equipped  with  under-voltage 

release  and  2 ampere  \Mh  PC- 146  overload  relays.      Drill  for 

power  cqmpany's  watthour  meter ...Watthour  meter  con- 
nections..  Disconnecting  switches 

amperes,  6j^  Type  LG-16,  2500-volt,  back  connected. 

Size   of   motor   conduit.. ? -^w   Greenfielduct 

Size  of  lead  covered  cable ra|)  varnished 

cambric,  3-conductor,  3000-volt  lead  covered. 

Mechanically  fastened  end  bells 

Motor  connections 

Miscellaneous  material  and  fittings 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

51 


PRIMING  EQUIPMENT 
^  MOTOR 

Horse  power Speed Volts 

Phase cycles Type 

How  connected  to  priming  pump 

Accessories - 

Starting  device ampere  (g)  FP-10  oil 

circuit  breaker.     Capacity  of  switch  mounted  on  subbase  of  switch- 
board  amperes  (M)  Type    LD-22. 

Capacity  of  fuses 

Size  of  wires (g|)  Red  Core 

Size  of  Conduit (%&  Greenfielduct 

PRIMING  MOTOR  TRANSFORMERS 
(g)  TYPE  H 

Number Capacity. Voltage  primary 

Voltage  secondary 

LIGHTING 

No.  of  outlets Location 

Size  of  (gfc}  Edison  MAZDA  lamps.... ...watts 

Reflectors ($h  Ivanhoe 

Main  lighting  switch:    Capacity amp. 

Location : __ 

Control  switch:     (g|)  snap ....Location 

Transformer  capacity ....Kv-a.    High  tension  voltage 

Low  tension  voltage 

((|&)  Type  H  transformers  where  required.) 

For  pumping  plant  reliability  demand  General  Electric  equipment 

52 


GENERAL   ELECTRIC   COMPANY 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICES:  SCHENECTADY,  N.  Y. 

SALES  OFFICES  (Address  nearest  Office) 

Atlanta   Ga -  Third  National  Bank  Building 

Baltimore,  Md.. '.'.'. Lexington  Street  Building 

Birmingham,  Ala Brown-Marx  Building 

Boston.  Mass • -84  State  Street 

Buffalo,  N.  Y • Electric  Building 

Butte.  Mont.. .  .  .  .  • •  •    :  •  .Electric  Building 

Charleston,  W.  Va . . . . Charleston  National  3ank  Building 

Charlotte,  N.  C Commercial  National  Bank  Building 

Chattanooga!  Tenn •  •  •  •  James  Building 

Chicago    111 Monadnock  Building 

Cincinnati.  Ohio.' .'...... - .  Provident  Bank  Building 

Cleveland,  Ohio Illuminating  Building 

Columbus,  Ohio The  Hartman  Building 

Dayton,  Ohio Dayton  Savings  &  Trust  Building 

Denver'  Colo •  •  •  .First  National  Bank  Building 

Des  Moines,  Io'waV .".".' ■  Hippee  Building 

Detroit,  Mich Dime  Savings  Bank  BmMing 

Duluth,  Minn Fidelity  Bu 

Elmira,  N.  Y 

Erie   Pa.  ■  •  •  Commerce  Building 

Fort  Way ne.'ind." .'.'.' .'.'.'.'." .1600  Broa 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich .Commercial  Savings  Ban', 

Hartford.  Conn Hartford  National 

Indianapolis.  Ind Traction  Te 

Jacksonville,  Fla. Heard  National  Ban*  Bu 

Toplin.  Mo Miners  Bank  Bu 

Kansas  City,  Mo.. . . , 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Little  Rock,  Ark , 

Los  Angeles,  Calif ...  Corporation  Building,  724  S.  S; 

Louisville,  Ky 

Memphis,  Tenn E 

Milwaukee,  Wis Public  Service  Bui 

Minneapolis,  Minn .  410  Third  A 

Nashville,  Tenn •  •  •  Stahlman  Budding 

New  Haven,  Conn Second  National  Bank  Building 

New  Orleans,  La Maison  Blanche  Building 

New  York   N.  Y Equitable  Building,  120  Broa 

Niagara  Falls.  N.  Y •  Gluck  Building 

Omaha,  Neb  Electric  Building 

Philadelphia,  Pa..  .Witherspoon  Building 

Pittsburgh,  Pa Oliver  Building 

Portland,  Ore Electric  Building 

Providence,  R.  I .Turks  Head  Building 

Richmond,  Va Virginia  Railway  &  Power  Building 

Rochester,  N.  Y Granite  Building 

St.  Louis,  Mo Pierce  Building 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  ,  Newhouse  Building 

San  Francisco,  Calif. .  .  .......  Rialto  Building 

Seattle,  Wash.. Colman  Bui: 

Spokane,  Wash Paulsen  Building 

Springfield,  Mass .  Third  National  Bank  Building 

Syracuse,  N.  Y Onondaga  County  Savings  Bank  Building 

Toledo,  Ohio •  Spitzer  Building 

Washington,  D.  C Commercial  National  Bank  Building 

Worcester,  Mass State  Mutual  Building 

Youngstown,  Ohio Stambaugh  Building 

For  Texas,  Oklahoma  and  Arizona  Business  refer  to  Southwest  General  Electric  Co. 

Dallas,  Tex Interurban  Building 

El  Paso,  Tex 500  San  Francisco  Street 

Houston,  Tex ....  Third  and  Washington  Streets 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla 1  West  Grande  Ave. 

For  Hawaiian  Business  refer  to  Catton,  Neill  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Honolulu 

Motor  and  Lamp  Agencies  in  all  large  cities  and  towns 
INTERNATIONAL  GENERAL  ELECTRIC  CO 

120  Broadway,  New  York  City,  and  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Representatives  and  Agents  in  m.l  Count-  . 


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